ABSTRACT
The second author's name is incorrect. It should read Md. Haider Ali Biswas. © 2023, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
ABSTRACT
Long periods of online learning as a result of a pandemic with no apparent end date can result in a variety of compensatory behaviors, one of which is performing acts of aggression or unpleasant deeds towards children (students). Action violence and deeds that are harmful to children can happen at any time, by anybody, and anywhere, including in the classroom by instructors during the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result, child-friendly education in schools must be introduced. The goal of this study is to describe how child-friendly education was used at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bandar Lampung during the Covid-19 outbreak. Teachers and students are used as respondents in the study, which employs qualitative approaches. Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bandar Lampung implemented child-friendly education during the Covid outbreak by following emergency curriculum requirements and adhering to instructor restrictions when conducting online learning. The provision of learning conditions that are clean, beautiful, friendly, beautiful, inclusive, healthy, safe, and comfortable as reflected in the components: 1) policies, 2) curriculum implementation, 3) trained educators and education personnel, 4) child-friendly facilities and infrastructure, 5) participation of children, 6) participation of parents, community, alumni, business world, community in child-friendly education.
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Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was widely used as a potential therapy for COVID-19 infection. We studied the effects of HCQ on electrocardiogram (ECG) intervals. Method(s): We conducted a large-scale retrospective study of COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ admitted between March 1, 2020 and June 1, 2020. Extensive medical chart review was performed. Baseline and on treatment ECG intervals were manually measured by 3 electrophysiologists. The QT interval was corrected using Bazett formula (QTc). The paired t-test was used for the main analysis. Result(s): Paired ECG data from 1890 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 47.0 (+/-12.6) years with a strong male prevalence (85.6%). The commonest comorbidities were hypertension (39.6%) and diabetes mellitus (36.8%). The average duration of HCQ therapy was 6.3 (+/-2.3) days. 404 patients (21.4%) had severe COVID-19 infection and the mortality rate was 3.86%. Intensive care admission and mechanical ventilation was required in 209 (11.1%) and 166 (8.8%) patients, respectively. During therapy, heart rate (HR) decreased from 87.2 +/- 16.8 bpm to 80.6 +/- 14.7 bpm (P<0.001). The mean PR interval increased from 153.2 +/- 21.9 ms to 162.9 +/- 22.8 ms (P<0.001). The mean QRS duration increased from 92.8 +/- 12.6 ms to 97.4 +/- 13 ms (P <0.001). The average QTc increased from 427.4 +/- 25.4 ms to 438.4 +/- 29.9 ms (P<0.001). Conclusion(s): HCQ caused a modest but statistically significant prolongation in PR, QRS and QTc intervals. A reduction in HR was also noted mainly due to clinical improvement. (Figure Presented).
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to explore the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 with dengue co-infection using mathematical modeling. In this study, SIR model is developed that explains the trajectory of the epidemic to boost a plan for an effective control strategy for COVID-19 in Bangladesh. The model is extended to optimal control strategies. Pontryagin's Principle is used to establish the appropriate conditions for the existence of optimal control and the optimality system for the co-infection model. Coinfected cases were reduced with control greater than without control. Using Omicron incidence cases from 1st January – 13th April 2022, the maximum likelihood estimate of R0 with a 95% confidence interval is1.89 [ 95% CI: 1.88, 1.91]. The R0 estimated from the exponential growth method is 2.08 [95% CI: 2.07,2.09]and time-dependent estimate is 2.10[95% CI: 1.72,2.58]. The generalized logistic growth model predicted 19, 52,131 cumulative cases on day 103 (April 13, 2022), and a relatively flat curve of cumulative growth of COVID-19 cases implies a declining trend of new cases. The study also found from sensitivity analysis that, R0 is proportional to the mean generation time. This paper attempted to focus on suppressing the COVID-19 co-infections by preventing dengue and COVID-19. The results of the study show that by implementing optimal control spread of dengue and COVID-19 could be minimized. The logistic growth model suggests that the infection rate of COVID-19 is decreasing.
ABSTRACT
The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early 2020 prompted a global lockdown from March to July 2020. Due to strict lockdown measures, many countries experienced economic downturns, negatively affecting many industries including energy, manufacturing, agriculture, finance, healthcare, food, education, tourism, and sports. Despite this, the COVID-19 pandemic provided a rare opportunity to observe the impacts of worldwide lockdown on global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and climate change. Being the main greenhouse gas responsible for rising global surface temperature, CO2 is released to the atmosphere primarily by burning fossil fuels. Compared to 2019, CO2 emissions for the world and Malaysia decreased significantly by 4.02% (−1365.83 MtCO2) and 9.7% (−225.97 MtCO2) in 2020. However, this is insufficient to cause long-term impacts on global CO2 levels and climate change. Therefore, in this review, we explored the effects of worldwide lockdown on global CO2 levels, the impacts of national lockdown on Malaysia’s CO2 emissions, and the influence of climate change in Malaysia.
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BACKGROUND: The year 2020 witnessed a largely unprecedented pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS COV-2. Many people with COVID-19 have comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, which are significantly associated with worse outcomes. Moreover, COVID-19 itself is allied with deteriorating hyperglycemia. Therefore, Bangladesh Endocrine Society has formulated some practical recommendations for management of diabetes and other endocrine diseases in patients with COVID-19 for use in both primary and specialist care settings. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the article is to develop a guideline to protect the vulnerable group with utmost preference - the elderly and those with comorbid conditions. Therefore, to ensure the adequate protective measures and timely treatment for COVID-19 patients with diabetes, other endocrine diseases or any other comorbidities. CONSIDERING AND MONITORING ISSUES: The risk of a fatal outcome from COVID-19 may be up to 50% higher in patients with diabetes than in non-diabetics.Patients with diabetes and COVID had CFR 7.3-9.2%, compared with 0.9-1.4% in patients without comorbidities.Diabetic ketoacidosis may be one of the causes of mortality in COVID-19.There is wide fluctuation of blood glucose in these patients, probably due to irregular diet, reduced exercise, increased glucocorticoids secretion, and use of glucocorticoids. HbA1c should be <7.0% for the majority of the patients, this target may be relaxed in appropriate clinical settings.More emphasis should be given on day-to-day blood glucose levels. Hypoglycemia (<3.9 mmol/l) must be avoided.Frequent monitoring of blood glucose is needed in critically ill patients. CONCLUSION: The fight against COVID-19 has been proven to be a challenging one. Therefore, all healthcare personnel should make the best use of updated knowledge and skills to ensure adequate protective measures and timely treatment for COVID-19 patients with diabetes, other endocrine diseases or any other comorbidities.
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The restriction of daily and economic-related activities due to COVID-19 pandemic via lockdown order has been reported to improve air quality. This study evaluated temporal and spatial variations of four major air pollutant concentrations across Malaysia before (March 4, 2020–March 17, 2020) and during the implementation of different phases of Movement Control Order (MCO) (March 18, 2020–May 12, 2020) from 65 official regulatory air quality stations. Results showed that restriction in daily and economic activities has remarkably reduced the air quality in all sub-urban, urban, and industrial settings with relatively small contributions from meteorological conditions. Overall, compared to before MCO, average concentrations of PM2.5, CO, and NO2 reduced by 23.1%, 21.74%, and 54.0%, respectively, while that of SO2 was constant. The highest reduction of PM2.5, CO, and NO2 were observed in stations located in urban setting, where 63% stations showed significant reduction (p <0.05) for PM2.5 and CO, while all stations showed significant reduction in NO2 concentrations. It was also revealed that 70.5% stations recorded lower concentrations of PM2.5 during MCO compared to before MCO, despite that high numbers of local hotspots were observed simultaneously from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Peninsular had the highest significant reduction of PM2.5, while the highest of NO2 and CO reduction were found in stations located in the central region. All pollutants exhibit similar diurnal trends when compared between pre-and during MCO although significant lower readings were observed during MCO. This study gives confidence to regulatory body;the enforcement of strict air pollution prevention and control policies could help in reducing pollution. © 2020, AAGR Aerosol and Air Quality Research. All rights reserved.